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Libido

Libido refers to a person's sex drive or desire for sexual activity. The desire for sex is an aspect of a person's sexuality, but varies enormously from one person to another, and it also varies depending on circumstances at a particular time. A person who has extremely frequent or a suddenly increased sex drive may be experiencing hypersexuality. Sex drive has usually biological, psychological, and social components. Biologically, levels of hormones such as testosterone are believed to affect sex drive; social factors, such as work and family, also have an impact; as do internal psychological factors, like personality and stress. There is no measure of what is a healthy level for sex. Sex drive may be affected by medical conditions, medications, lifestyle and relationship issues.

There is no necessary correlation between the desire for sex and actual sexual activity. For example, a person may have a desire for sex but not have the opportunity to act on that desire, or may on personal, moral or religious reasons refrain from acting on the urge. Psychologically, a person's urge can be repressed or sublimated. On the other hand, a person can engage in sexual activity without an actual desire for it.

The concept of libido was first introduced by Sigmund Freud as the instinct energy or force, contained in what Freud called the id. Carl Jung defined libido as the free creative or psychic energy an individual has to put toward personal development or individuation. Within the category of sexual behavior, libido would fall under the appetitive phase wherein an individual will usually undergo certain behaviors in order to gain access to a mate.

Drug Abuse Treatment for Criminals

Drug abuse treatment is an effective intervention for drug abusers, including those who are involved with the criminal justice system. However, the effectiveness of drug treatment depends on both the individual and the program and on whether interventions and treatment services are available and appropriate for the needs of the individual. To amend attitudes, beliefs and behaviors that support drug use, the drug abuser must engage in a therapeutic change process. Longitudinal outcome studies find that those who participate in drug abuse treatment programs in the community commit fewer crimes than those who do not participate.
A history of drug use does not indicate the need for drug abuse treatment. Offenders who meet drug dependence criteria should have higher priority for treatment than those who do not. Less intensive interventions, such as drug abuse education or self help participation, may be appropriate for those not meeting criteria for drug dependence.
Some drug abuse treatments programs tailor to the needs of juveniles. Some programs offer psychiatric treatment. All drug abuse treatment programs become more effective when criminal or cognitive behavioral criminal justice personnel work in tandem with treatment providers.
If drug abusers meet other criteria, low motivation to participate in treatment or to end drug abuse should not preclude access to treatment. Motivational enhancement interventions may be useful in these cases. Examples of motivation include motivational interviewing and contingency management techniques, which often provide tangible rewards.

Offender Legal Pressures

Legal pressure that encourages abstinence and treatment participation may also help individuals by improving retention and catalyzing longer treatment stays.
Drug abuse treatment is effective for offenders who have a history of serious and violent crime, particularly with intensive, targeted services. The economic benefits in avoided crime and costs to crime victims, like medical costs, lost earnings and loss in quality of life, may be substantial for these higher risk offenders. Treating them requires a high degree of coordination between drug abuse treatment providers and criminal justice personnel in order to ensure that the treatment and criminal genic meet the needs of the individual.