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West Hollywood

West Hollywood has borders to north of the Hollywood Hills neighborhood of Los Angeles and to the east by the Hollywood District of Los Angeles. To the west is the city of Beverly Hills, and on the south is the Fairfax District of Los Angeles. The irregular border of the city is in the city logo and developed from the unincorporated Los Angeles County areas that had not become part of the surrounding cities. West Hollywood benefits from its very compact urban form containing small lots, a mix of land uses and a walkable street grid. Commercial corridors include nightlife and dining areas that exist on the Sunset Strip, along Santa Monica Boulevard, and the Avenues of Art & Design along Robertson, Melrose and Beverly near the Pacific Design Center. Major residential neighborhoods in West Hollywood include the Norma Triangle, West Hollywood North, West Hollywood West, West Hollywood East and West Hollywood Heights. The city breaks down 11 preferential parking zones, which further define residential areas. Major intersecting streets provide amenities within walking distance of adjacent neighborhoods. West Hollywood is a city of Los Angeles County, California.

Treatment Needs for Women in the Criminal Justice System

Although women face incarceration at far lower rates than men, the number and percentage of incarcerated women have grown substantially in recent years. Between 1995 and 2005, the number of men in prisons and jails grew by about a third, while the number of incarcerated women more than doubled (Harrison and Beck, 2006). Women in prison are likely to have a different set of problems and needs than men, which present particular treatment challenges. For example, compared to incarcerated men, incarcerated women in treatment are significantly more likely to have severe substance abuse histories, as well as physical health and psychological problems (Messing, Burdon, Hagopian and Prendergast, 2006). Approximately 50 percent of female offenders are likely to have histories of physical or sexual abuse. Women are also more likely than men to be victims of domestic violence. Past or current victimization can contribute to drug or alcohol abuse, depression, post traumatic stress disorder and criminal activity.
Treatment programs serving both men and women offer effective treatment for female clients. However, programs specific to each gender may be more effective for female offenders, particularly those with histories of trauma and abuse. Female offenders are more likely to need medical and mental health services, childcare services and assistance in finding housing and employment. Following a comprehensive assessment, women with mental health disorders should receive appropriate treatment and case management, including victim services as needed. For female offenders with children, parental responsibilities can conflict with the ability to participate in drug treatment. Regaining or retaining custody of children can also motivate mothers to participate in treatment. Treatment programs may improve retention by offering childcare services and parenting classes.

Juveniles Abusers in the Criminal Justice System

In recent years, there number of juveniles with substance abuse problems involved in the criminal and juvenile justice systems is up. From 1986 to 1996, juvenile incarcerations related to drug use increased nearly threefold. In 2002, about 60 percent of detained boys and nearly half of the girls tested positive for drug use. One study found that about one-half of both male and female juvenile detainees met criteria for a substance use disorder (Teplin, Abram, McClelland, et al., 2002). Juveniles entering the criminal justice system can bring a number of serious issues with them including: substance abuse; academic failure; emotional disturbances; physical health issues; family problems and a history of physical or sexual abuse. Girls make up nearly a third of juvenile arrests, a high percentage report some form of emotional, physical or sexual abuse. Effectively addressing these issues requires the juvenile gaining access to comprehensive assessment, treatment, case management and support services that are age and developmentally appropriate. Assessment is particularly important, because not all adolescents who use drugs need treatment. For those who do, there are several points in the juvenile justice continuum where treatment is available, including juvenile drug courts, supervision within the community and juvenile detention.
Families play an important role in the recovery of substance abusing juveniles, but this influence can be positive or negative. Parental substance abuse or criminal involvement, physical or sexual abuse by family members and lack of parental involvement or supervision are all risk factors for adolescent substance abuse and delinquent behavior. Thus, the effective treatment of juvenile substance abusers often requires a treatment model that targets family functioning and the increased involvement of family members. Effective adolescent treatment approaches include multi-systemic therapy, multidimensional family therapy and functional family therapy. These interventions show promise in strengthening families and decreasing juvenile substance abuse and delinquent behavior.