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Inhibited Sexual Desire

Inhibited sexual desire (ISD) refers to a low level of sexual interest. A person with ISD will not start, or respond to their partner's desire for, sexual activity.

ISD can be primary (in which the person has never felt much sexual desire or interest), or secondary (in which the person used to feel sexual desire, but no longer does).

ISD can also relate to the partner (the person with ISD is interested in other people, but not his or her partner), or it can be general ( the person with ISD isn't sexually interested in anyone). In the extreme form of sexual aversion, the person not only lacks sexual desire, but may find sex repulsive.

Sometimes, the sexual desire is not inhibited. The two partners have different sexual interest levels, even though both of their interest levels are within the normal range.

Someone can claim that his or her partner has ISD, when in fact they have overactive sexual desire and are very demanding sexually.

Inhibited Sexual Desire Causes

ISD is a very common sexual disorder. Often it occurs when one partner does not feel intimate or close to the other.

Communication problems, lack of affection, power struggles and conflicts, and not having enough time alone together are common factors. ISD also can occur in people who've had a very strict upbringing concerning sex, negative attitudes toward sex, or traumatic sexual experiences (such as rape, incest, or sexual abuse).

Illnesses and some medications can also contribute to ISD, especially when they cause fatigue, pain, or general feelings of malaise. A lack of certain hormones can sometimes be involved. Psychological conditions such as depression and excess stress can dampen sexual interest. Hormonal changes can also affect libido.

Commonly overlooked factors include insomnia or lack of sleep, which lead to fatigue. ISD can also be associated with other sexual problems, and sometimes can be caused by them. For example, the woman who is unable to have an orgasm or has pain with intercourse, or the man who has erection problems (impotence) or retarded ejaculation can lose interest in sex because they associate it with failure or it does not feel good.

People who were victims of childhood sexual abuse or rape, and those whose marriages lack emotional intimacy are especially at risk for ISD.

What Is Sleep?

For a long time, people considered sleep a uniform block of time when a person was not awake. Thanks to sleep studies done over the past several decades, people now know that sleep has distinct stages that cycle throughout the night in predictable patterns. How well rested a person is and how well a person functions depend not just on the total sleep time but on how much of the various stages of sleep a person gets each night.
The brain stays active throughout sleep and each stage of sleep appears as a distinctive pattern of electrical activity known as brain waves.
Sleep occurs in two basic types: rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and non-REM sleep (with four different stages). (See "Types of Sleep"). Typically, sleep begins with non-REM sleep. In stage 1 non-REM sleep, a person sleeps lightly and wakes easily by noises or other disturbances. During this first stage of sleep, the eyes move slowly and muscle activity slows. A person then enters stage 2 non-REM sleep, when eye movements stop. The brain shows a distinctive pattern of slower brain waves with occasional bursts of rapid waves.
When a person progresses into stage 3 non-REM sleep, brain waves become even slower; although brain waves will still occur in smaller, faster waves. By stage 4 non-REM sleep, the brain produces extremely slow waves almost exclusively. In stages 3 and 4, the person is in deep sleep, during which it is very difficult to wake up. Children who wet the bed or sleep walk tend to do so during stages 3 or 4 of non-REM sleep. Deep sleep is the "restorative" part of sleep that is necessary for feeling well rested and energetic during the day.

Types of Sleep

Non-REM Sleep	REM Sleep
Stage 1: Light sleep; easily awakened; muscle activity; eye movements slow down.	Usually first occurs about 90 minutes after a person falls asleep; cycles along with the non-REM stages throughout the night. Eyes move rapidly, with eyelids closed. Breathing is more rapid, irregular and shallow. Heart rate and blood pressure increase. Dreaming occurs. Arm and leg muscles temporarily paralyzed.
Stage 2: Eye movements stop; slower brain waves, with occasional bursts of rapid brain waves.
Stage 3: Considered deep sleep; difficult to wake; brain waves slow down more, but still have occasional rapid waves.
Stage 4: Considered deep sleep; difficult to wake; extremely slow brain waves.

During REM sleep, the eyes move rapidly in various directions, even though the eyelids remain closed. Breathing also becomes more rapid, irregular and shallow and the heart rate and blood pressure increase. Dreaming typically occurs during REM sleep. During this type of sleep, arm and leg muscles feel tem­porarily paralyzed so that a person cannot "act out" any dreams that he or she may be having.
The first period of REM sleep people experience usually occurs about an hour to an hour and a half after falling asleep. After that, the sleep stages repeat themselves continuously during sleep. As the night progresses, REM sleep time becomes longer, while time spent in non-REM sleep stages 3 and 4 becomes shorter. By morning, nearly all sleep time occurs in stages 1 and 2 of non-REM sleep and in REM sleep. If something disrupts REM sleep during one night, REM sleep time is typically longer than normal in subsequent nights. Overall, almost one-half of total sleep time occurs as stages 1 and 2 non-REM sleep and about one-fifth each as deep sleep (stages 3 and 4 of non-REM sleep) and REM sleep. In contrast, infants spend half or more of their total sleep time in REM sleep. Gradually, as infants mature, the percentage of total sleep time that is REM progressively decreases to reach the one-fifth level typical of later childhood and adulthood.
Doctors do not fully understand why people dream and why REM sleep is so important. Sleep specialists know that REM sleep stimulates the brain regions used in learning and the laying down of memories. Animal studies suggest that dreams may reflect the brain sorting and selectively storing important new information acquired during wake time. While the brain processes this information, the brain might also revisit scenes from the day while pulling up older memories. This process may explain why childhood memories can be interspersed with events that are more recent.